Toilet Composting » Composting Toilets FAQs

Composting Toilet Systems: What You Need to Know

M Day — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 23:26:49 +0000

There are many different kinds of composting toilet systems currently available for home consumers to purchase. Composting toilet systems generally contain the following four components:

a reactor, which is the container in which the composting takes place;
an exhaust system, to remove odors and help control liquid build up;
a means by which to turn the compost (for some systems, some will not need turning);
a way to remove the finished compost, which may be as simple as an access door to the finished product

How these four features are integrated into the composting system vary considerably, as there are many different composting toilet models that have been developed by composting toilet manufacturers. With most composting toilet systems the entire composting process will take between six to twelve months of time, after which you will be able to remove the finish compost and use it as a soil amendment for trees, flowers and other non-agricultural uses.

When evaluating composting toilet systems, it is important to know that there are two important different ways in which these systems can be installed in your home.

First, there are self-contained composting toilets. With a self-contained unit, the composting process takes places in a reactor directly under the toilet seat. These composting toilets are often quite high and large, and may need a small footstool for use.

Next there are remote composting toilets (also called “split” or “centralized”). With these systems, the reactor is located in another area of the house, often in a basement. The advantage of remote composting toilet systems is that the toilets look and are used in a manner which is quite similar to regular flush toilets. There are even micro-flush remote composting toilet units which use a small amount of water, and look nearly identical to regular flush toilets.

Self-contained composting toilets are generally cheaper to use and easier to install than remote composting toilets. However remote composting toilets are able to serve more users and are often easier to clean and maintain than self-contained units.

Frequently Asked Questions about Composting Toilets

M Day — Mon, 24 Aug 2009 17:58:58 +0000

If you are just learning about composting toilets, or have an interest in purchasing one for your home, cabin, boat or RV, you are likely to have many questions.

Below you will find links to articles from this website answering some of the most common questions I have encountered regarding composting toilets. (If you are unable to find an answer to your question, or have questions or comments about the answers I have posted, feel free to send me an email using the contact information provided above):

Five Top Questions about Composting Toilets. Fast answers to some of the most common questions people have about compost toilets.
What are Composting Toilets? A discussion of the basics of a composting toilet system and how it works.
What is Humanure and What Can I do With It? Answers questions about how to use and the safety of the compost produced by composting toilet systems.
What Can You Put in a Compost Toilet? Besides the obvious (human waste, toilet paper), there are many other ways most composting toilet systems can be used to process organic household waste. This article discusses the many different ways you can use a compost toilet in your home.
How Much Do Composting Toilet Cost? If you are considering purchasing a composting toilet, you may initially be surprised by the price tag. But composting toilets are actually an excellent investment for your home, and this article explains why.
Where Can Composting Toilets be Used? You may be surprised at all the locations suitable for composting toilets.
What is Wrong with a Flush Toilet? Read this article to find out.
Are Composting Toilets Safe? This article answers some of the concerns you may have about the safety of composting toilets and humanure.
What are the Environmental Benefits of Composting Toilets? An excellent discussion of why composting toilets are a good choice for the environment.
Where can I learn more about composting toilets? For more articles about the fundamentals of composting toilets and how they work, check out the “Composting Toilet Basics” section of this website. To learn about what kind of composting toilet system is right for you, you should check out “Composting Toilet Systems.” If you are interested in reading reviews about different manufacturers of composting toilets, check out the “Composting Toilet Reviews” category of this website. There are also pages devoted to documenting many Online Resources for composting toilets, and suggestions for Books on Composting Toilets that you can read. You can also return to the Toilet Composting Homepage to read the most recent posts about composting toilets.

Remote and Self-Contained Composting Toilets Compared

M Day — Sat, 08 Aug 2009 22:02:39 +0000

When selecting a composting toilet for your home, you will be faced with the choice between a remote (or “split”) composting toilet system or a self-contained composting toilet. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages, and careful consideration of each type should be made prior to any purchase.

Here are some of the differences between the models and recommendations about their use:

Self-Contained Composting Toilets

If you are looking for a composting toilet that is easy to install and affordable, a self-contained composting toilet should be considered. These models are best suited for one or two individuals, or for occasional use by more individuals in a vacation home.

Most of the major composting toilet manufacturers (Envirolet, BioLet, Sun-Mar) make self-contained composting toilet models. Other than installing a vent, many of the models are almost ready to go out of the box and are easily installed in your home. You should be aware, however, that some of these models can be quite large, given that they are complete all-in-one composting units. Some may find their bulky size a bit disturbing (many models require a foot stool to climb on top of, for example), and they also may be a bit more difficult to empty.

One thing you want to be certain of when using a self-contained composting toilet is not to overload the system, otherwise you may end up with a wet and smelly mess to deal with. Be sure the model is well suited for the number of users and well maintained as well. Since this model will be completely situated in your bathroom, you will want to assure there are no leaks or odors.

Remote (or Split) Composting Toilets

If you have a family that is larger than two individuals looking to use a composting toilet on a daily basis, you should probably consider a remote composting toilet unit. These are sometimes also called a “split” composting toilet since the toilet and the composting chamber are literally split into separate components, with the composting bin generally located in a separate location beneath the composting toilet (usually a basement).

Some advantages of the remote composting toilet systems is that they look more like flush toilets. Some models, such as those produced by envirolet, come in interesting colors as well, and vacuum and micro-flush remote composting toilet units are available as well. On the whole, remote composting toilet systems are better suited for daily family usage.

On the downside, remote composting toilets tend to be more expensive than self-contained models, and they will incur additional installation costs as well. You will also need a basement or similar location to place the remote composting bin, and not all homes are able to accommodate these systems.

For more information on composting toilets, including composting toilet reviews, and composting toilets buyer’s guides, return to the Toilet Composting home page.

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What is Humanure and What Can I Do With It?

M Day — Sun, 28 Jun 2009 20:04:54 +0000

If you are exploring composting toilets or other forms of alternative waste systems, it is likely that you have already come across the term “humanure” being used, but not defined.

What is Humanure?

Humanure is a neologism (a newly coined word becoming more popular in common speech, but not fully accepted into mainstream language) that was coined and popularized by the writer Joseph Jenkins in a book he published in 1994 about composting toilets. Humanure is a contraction of “human” and “manure” and Jenkins uses the term to refer to the end-product of the toilet composting process.

Humanure does not refer to sewage or night soil (raw human waste often spread on crops in developing countries). Instead, it is fully composted human waste (along with additional carbon materials such as sawdust). Humanure is a extremely nutrient rich organic matter that is safe to touch and with no unpleasant odor. In fact, it will resemble exactly the compost you produce from household and garden composting bins.

What Can I do with It?

Joseph Jenkins is a strong advocate of using humanure as a soil amendment for both agricultural and non-agricultural uses. You may not be aware of this, but human fecal matter and urine are both very high in important nutrients for soil health: nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous. Humanure has the same level of nutrients as is found in many synthetic fertilizers and in animal manures that you may purchase in garden stores. Jenkins and other argue that humanure is an important human resource (and product) that can help diminish our reliance on synthetic fertilizers, and promote safe, organic agricultural output.

However, there is some quite some debate about whether humanure should be used on agricultural crops. Humanure certainly does not have the health risks associated with night soil, and Jenkins and others have argued that it is completely safe to use on agricultural crops. It is probably true that fully composted humanure is safe for agricultural purposes, and that the reluctance to use it this way in developing countries probably has more to do with aesthetics (what we might call the “grossed-out” factor) than with health and safety issues.

However, there is a valid concern raised by many health and agricultural specialists about whether users are fully composting their humanure. Those who argue we should err on the side of caution point out that it can take two years or more for certain pathogens to be destroyed, and that users may not be waiting long enough to ensure the compost is completely safe.

But even if humanure is not used on agricultural crops, there are still many important uses for it as a soil amendment. If you are producing humanure from your own composting toilet, you can use it on your flower beds, around trees (including fruiting trees, since there will be no risk to the fruit from humanure on the ground), on your lawns, for houseplants and almost any other area where you would like nutrient rich soil.

If you have more questions about composting toilets and are interested in reading more articles about their environmental, economical and social benefits, please return to the Toilet Composting home page.

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What Can Be Put In a Composting Toilet?

M Day — Fri, 26 Jun 2009 04:32:04 +0000

If you are considering purchasing a composting toilet, your primarily planned use of them is likely to dispose of your internal waste. This is what they are built for, after all, and if they are sized right and maintained properly they should be able to handle this “organic waste” excellently. For most toilet composting systems, you will also be adding additional dry matter after each “deposit” to help keep the toilet in balance, such as sawdust or peat moss.

However, one huge advantage of having a composting toilet in your home is that it it will not only deal with human waste, but also a wide variety of different types of organic waste your household likely produces. If you live in an apartment or other dwelling that does not have access to an outdoor compost bin, you will find that your composting toilet will serve this purpose well. Composting toilets are able to recycle all sorts of kitchen scraps, be it vegetable peelings, burnt rice or leftover oatmeal. You can also throw in your left over egg shells, tea bags and coffee grounds.

But that is not all: composting toilets can also handle “brown” organic matter as well, including paper, disposable cotton diapers, organic tampons (with no plastic tags) and cardboard. In fact, by using it to dispose of paper and other dry composting materials, you will help keep the compost mixture in balance. (For more information on how toilet composting systems work, read “How Toilet Composting Works“).

You can even place yard waste in your composting toilet! Grass clippings, leaves, and almost every kind of waste plant matter that you might throw into an ordinary composting bin is also suitable for a composting toilet.

You can also compost old clothing made from organic fibers, cotton rugs, blankets and more. Just be sure that when you add cloth to your composting toilet that it does not contain any synthetic matter.

In fact, you may find so many uses for your composting toilet in your home that you will regret not purchasing a larger model so you can compost even more of your home waste. (For more information about how to select the right size composting toilet for your family, read the “Guide to Purchasing a Composting Toilet“).

Composting toilets help benefit the environment in multiple ways: by composting organic materials instead of sending them to landfills or sewage treatment plants, by saving on water, by saving on social expenditures, and more. You will find that by installing a composting toilet in your home you will be able to dramatically reduce the amount of waste your family sends to the landfill and instead be able to turn that waste into a valuable natural resource (compost).

For more information about composting toilets, including plans on how to build a compost toilet, please visit the Composting Toilet Home Page.

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How Much Do Composting Toilets Cost?

M Day — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 23:40:52 +0000

When pricing a toilet composting system, you should keep in mind what the costs would be both long term and in comparison to a septic of sewage system. For example, most composting toilet systems will be between 25% to 75% less expensive than installing a septic system on your property. And that is just for the upfront costs. Composting toilets will continue to save money over the years on water costs, while also producing a valuable soil additive (humus).

If you are flexible and handy with tools, you can build a compost toilet yourself for under $50. The popular “Five Gallon Bucket” compost toilet can be put together in a matter of hours and be ready to use the same day you build it (to see instructions and plans, read “How to Build a Compost Toilet“). However, do not expect these models to pass building code requirements, and also be aware that they require quite a bit more labor and maintenance than their manufactured cousins. These models may not be well suited to many households, especially those with regular use by multiple persons.

The next step up in composting toilets are the portable composting toilet models that are popular with boaters, RV’s and even campers. Some models are suitable for home use as well, while others are meant for outdoor applications. The self-contained “mobile” models produced by the popular composting toilet manufacturer Sun-Mar starts at about $1300 USD.

The most affordable self-contained composting toilet models tend to be just a bit more. These models are built for home use, although the cheaper models tend to be sized for only a couple of users and occasional use. (For more help in sizing your composting toilet to your needs, please read the “Guide to Purchasing a Composting Toilet“). For example, the BioLet 10 (the smallest model produced by BioLet) starts at about $1700, and Sun-Mar has a “Compact” self-contained model that runs about $1400 USD.

For an average family of four, however, these smaller models would not suffice. Most likely they would need a “remote” composting system (see “Types of Composting Systems” for a complete explanation of the differences between these systems). These models run quite a bit more. Sun-Mar’s Centrex 2000 AF which is built for regular use by four to six individuals costs about $1800 USD. This does not include installation costs, however, which may be considerable depending on where you are choosing to locate the reactor chamber. If you are not interested in a remote system, you should consider the BioLet 60XL, a large self-contained model meant for constant use by four individuals and costing around $2200.

None of these prices include shipping or installation costs, so that will need to be included in the budgeting for a composting toilet.

Although when you are initially shopping for a composting toilet the price may seem high compared to a flush toilet, once you factor in the costs of sewage or septic system construction, fees and maintenance, water costs, and also consider the environmental and social costs of using a flush toilet (For more on these costs, read “What is Wrong with a Flush Toilet” and “What are the Environmental Benefits of Composting Toilets“) you will see that a composting toilet is actually a very sound investment for your family.

For more information about composting toilets, please visit the Toilet Composting Home Page.

Where Can Composting Toilets be Used?

M Day — Wed, 24 Jun 2009 02:00:13 +0000

I recently submitted a post to an environmental discussion forum, asking members to review for me any composting toilet systems they might have in their home. Interestingly enough, the first response to this question was from a member who asked “Can they be used in homes? I thought composting toilets had to be used outdoors in an outhouse.”

Now, I am guessing that many readers of this blog are well aware that most (if not all) currently manufactured composting toilets are meant for indoor applications (with the exception of certain portable composting toilet setups). However, it did bring up an important question for me that I thought would be useful to address in this article: Where else can composting toilets be used?

I thought I would develop a list of some of the potential uses of composting toilets outside the standard home. Given the benefits of composting toilets for society in general, thinking “outside the home” seems like an important contribution to the effort to promote the switch from wasteful flush toilet systems to productive and environmentally sane toilet composting systems.

Here are some locations that composting toilets could also be installed:

1) National and state park campgrounds. Oh wait, there are composting toilets already at some of these locations (see an example here). We just need a lot more of them! Composting toilets are much more pleasant than the standard outhouse that are found at many national and state parks, and they make an excellent demonstration of sustainable technology as well.

2) Boats and Marinas. Many boaters already know this, but there are some excellent marine toilet composting systems available. For more information about these composting toilets, read the article “Outdoor Portable Composting Systems.”

3) Buses, trains and other forms of public transportation. Composting toilets would be much less smelly and much more environmentally friendly alternative to the flush toilets currently found on many public transport systems. Of course, it would involve considerable time and effort to educate the “public” about their proper use and advantages, but I can think of no better way to create a massive public awareness about toilet composting systems.

4) Remote yurts, cottages and cabins. Non-electric models of composting toilets are ideal for locations that are off-grid and have little access to sewage or septic systems.

5) Recreational Vehicles. Now, let’s face it, RV’s are not generally known for being environmentally friendly. But if you are going to drive an RV, why not at least make them as environmentally friendly as you can and switch from the chemically laden portable potty to a greener toilet composting system instead? Most of the marine composting models are well suited for RV’s as well.

6) Treehouses. This one is just for fun. Or maybe not. If you do have a treehouse and it has a toilet, it should certainly be a composting toilet!

Now that I’ve gotten started, tons of more ideas are starting to come to mind. How about composting toilets on oil rigs and platforms? In factories and warehouses? In guard towers or sky cranes? Well, as you see, once you get started thinking green, it can be hard to stop.

If you are interested in reading more articles about the advantages of switching to toilet composting systems and composting toilet reviews, please return to the Toilet Composting Home Page.

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What is Wrong with a Flush Toilet?

M Day — Tue, 23 Jun 2009 21:11:15 +0000

Flush toilets are a very modern invention, and for many countries, the development of a sewage system that can support the installation of flush toilets in nearly every household is one of the key criteria of being considered a fully developed and modernized nation. Flush toilets are associated with cleanliness and convenience in many parts of the world. So why would we want to consider switching to anything else?

There are several reasons why flush toilet systems are actually quite harmful to both the environment and society, and why switching to an alternative system based on composting toilet matter should be pursued. Below are three important reasons why flush toilet systems are the wrong choice:

1) Flush toilets waste enormous amounts of water each year. Clean, potable water is a rapidly diminishing global resource that flush toilet systems are quite literally flushing away. Besides the enormous waste of water flush toilet systems promote, there is also a massive financial burden as well associated with providing the water needed by these systems.

In order to keep the water flowing to flush toilets, expensive dams must be built, water must often be piped hundreds of miles, treated, and then after all of this expense and effort, over 40% of the water will be flushed away, and often sent to a sewage treatment plant which has its own expenses associated with building and upkeep. Particularly for struggling “developing” countries, flush toilets involve an enormous financial burden alongside the waste of a very valuable and important natural resources.

2) The effluent from flush toilet systems is causing enormous problems globally for human, animal and marine life. Sewage systems often fail due to broken pipes and or over burdened facilities. In many cases, this results in untreated effluent running into streams, rivers, lakes and oceans. This effluent is a leading cause of dangerous algae blooms, and it can also harm marine life and humans using these waterways.

3) Flush toilets prevent the recycling of human waste into a valuable soil additive. When human waste is instead dealt with using a toilet composting system, the end-product is valuable and nutrient rich compost that is suitable to use as a soil amendment around tree crops and other plants. Human waste is actually a valuable resource when recycled properly, but flush toilet systems instead treat it and dispose of it in an unproductive manner. Instead farmer turn to synthetic fertilizers which are often dangerous in their own right.

The present tendency to rely on flush toilet systems is a wasteful and expensive choice. Although at first glance flush toilets may appear to be a necessary and convenient “modern” technology. But in reality they create an enormous burden on both our communities and the environment.

If you are interested in reading more about the environmental benefits and the social advantages of switching from a flush toilet system to a composting toilet system, visit the Toilet Composting Home Page, where you will find numerous informative articles about compost toilets and reviews of different composting toilet systems.

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Are Composting Toilets Safe?

M Day — Mon, 22 Jun 2009 04:06:00 +0000

Composting toilets provide an important tool to deal with the ever growing problem of how to deal with human waste in a manner which is safe for the environment. When used correctly, composting toilets produce an end-product which is both odor-free and pathogen-free, and completely safe to use as a soil amendment.

However, improperly composted materials can pose a health risk, just as untreated waste from a flush toilet will threaten human health if let into the environment before being fully treated. In many ways, however, composting toilets are safer for the environment than septic and sewage systems. Septic systems pose considerable risks for groundwater contamination in many areas, and sewage systems often fail, the end result being that raw, untreated human waste is allowed to seep into our environment. Composting toilets run none of these risks.

The process of turning human waste into an environmentally safe and usable product (compost) will take between three months to a few years depending on the system, the climate in which it is located and the temperature of the composting materials. Some countries, Sweden for example, will allow the urine from certain composting toilet models to be used in agricultural applications in as early as six months. Human feces pose a much greater risk to human health if not composted properly, and for this reason many countries (the United States included) ban the use of human compost on agricultural crops, although it is generally approved for for non-edible plant uses by most government agencies.

Many government agencies require that composted feces be allowed to break down for a minimum of one year before being used as a mulch around non-edible plants, trees and bushes. However, many “humanure” advocates say that human feces are completely safe for all agricultural purposes once fully composted. For example, Joseph Jenkins, author of The Humanure Handbook, is a strong advocate of using composted humanure for agriculture. It has been argued by these advocates that the reluctance to use this compost agriculturally in the United States and elsewhere arises more from finding the idea aesthetically unpleasing than from real, scientifically-based concerns.

However, regardless of the agricultural argument surrounding humanure application to crops, as long as basic instructions are followed and adequate time is allowed for the composting process, the end-product produced by composting toilet systems should be safe to handle and use. Composting toilet systems do require that owners assume the responsibility to monitor the composting process and ensure that the materials are fully composted prior to application.

Education about composting toilets is an important part of encouraging their use in the so-called “developed” world. Many health agencies in the United States and elsewhere have little knowledge of these systems and treat them with considerable suspicion. Misinformation and suspicion about composting toilets often makes it difficult to get a permit approving their use. In order to combat this suspicion, it is important that owners and users of composting toilets be open to discussing the systems with others and promoting their use.

For more information and articles about composting toilets, please return to the Toilet Composting Home Page.

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What are the Environmental Benefits of Composting Toilets?

M Day — Thu, 18 Jun 2009 05:24:10 +0000

If you are considering purchasing a composting toilet system, you are probably interested in the environmental benefits composting toilets offer in comparison to flush toilet systems. Composting toilets do offer significant environmental advantages when compared to flush toilet systems.

Here are five of the most important environmental benefits of switching from a flush toilet to a composting toilet system:

Composting toilet systems contribute positively to the environment by producing a valuable and environmentally beneficial end-product. Flush toilet systems create a waste product which is an environmental pollutant and must be treated or disposed of properly, while composting toilet systems produce a safe, nutrient rich end-product that actually benefits the environment. The compost that is the end-product of the composting toilet process can be used as a valuable soil additive around non-edible plants and trees, thus helping create an even greener environment.
Composting toilets play an important role in water conservation. Water is increasingly becoming a scarce global commodity, but flush toilet systems are quite literally flushing it away. Composting toilet systems, on the other hand, rely on little or no water to recycle human waste and thus help preserve this valuable natural resource.
Composting toilets can help reduce the impact of household waste on the environment. Most composting toilet systems can be used to compost household waste, such as vegetable scraps, along with human waste. For city dwellers who may not have easy access to composting piles outside their home, composting toilets can provide an easy to use and easily accessible means by which to compost household waste. By doing this, compost toilets can help cut down on the production of household waste and reduce the amount of trash sent to landfills.
Composting toilets can reduce the need for, and the environmental impact of, large waste treatment facilities. Since composting toilets are built to be independent of sewage and septic systems, they dramatically reduce the land and resources needed to build and maintain waste treatment facilities. Imagine the positive environmental impact there would be if every home in the United States (or elsewhere) were to switch to a toilet composting system!
Composting toilets reduce the threat of pollution of groundwater and soil in our environment. With sewage and septic systems, there is always a considerable risk posed to the environment. If a pipe breaks or a system overflows, groundwater and soil can be dangerously polluted. Composting toilet systems turn human waste into a product that is actually beneficial to the environment.

Switching to a composting toilet systems can be one of the most positive environmental changes a home owner can make. If you are interested in reading more about the benefits and advantages of composting toilets, or if you have additional questions about composting toilet systems, please return to the Toilet Composting Home Page.

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What are Composting Toilets?

M Day — Mon, 15 Jun 2009 23:36:37 +0000

Composting Toilet

Composting toilets are a form of toilets that use technologies other than large quantities of water to dispose of human waste. Toilet composting manages human waste through composting and dehydration, and the compost that is the end product of the process is a valuable soil additive.

Composting toilets are a valuable alternative to building large sewage treatment plants or underground septic systems, and the finished product they produce is actually beneficial to the environment instead of harmful or polluting. Since composting toilets use little or no water, they also help preserve this quickly vanishing resource instead of, literally, flushing it away. In fact, one of the best things you can do for the environment is either purchase a build a composting toilet for your home.

Increasingly public facilities at national parks and elsewhere are turning to composting toilets to help manage waste and serve as a demonstration of a beneficial green technology. Composting toilets are very different from outhouses or pit latrines. Most composting toilets have very little (if any) smell associated with them, and many closely resemble a flush toilet in terms of design (although they operate very differently).

Toilet composting generally involves one of two different composting toilet systems: Batch Systems and Continual Process Systems.

Batch Composting Toilet Systems rely on a series of containers in which the toilet composting process will take place once it is filled and sealed. Some toilets will rely on a single container which is manually replaced, while other systems may have a carousel-type system where there or four containers are placed on a rotation device and a new, empty container will be spun under the composting toilet once another one if full. By the time all the containers are full, the first container on the carousel will have been fully composted and ready to be emptied.

Continual Process Composting Toilet Systems are systems that are continually composting toilet waste instead of using containers. Most of these systems have large underground composting chambers in which human waste will slowly move downwards. After six months to a year, the compost at the bottom of the chamber will be ready to be harvested and used as a soil amendment. The manner in which human waste is composted in these systems varies, but many rely on managed aerobic decomposition using microorganisms, and in some cases, macro-organisms such as earthworms.

With both composting toilet systems, you will generally add a small amount of absorbent “brown” matter to help with the toilet composting process (sawdust and peat moss are some examples). Just as with creating compost in the garden, the key to healthy and odorless toilet composting is a good mix of both green and brown organic matter.

Although toilet composting may seem strange at first to those accustomed to flush toilet systems, once you have adjusted to the technology you will find that they are no more difficult to use or unpleasant to have in your home than a flush toilet. For even more information about composting toilets please visit the Toilet Composting Home Page to read more articles and reviews of popular composting toilets.

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Toilet Composting » Composting Toilets FAQs

Composting Toilet Systems: What You Need to Know

Frequently Asked Questions about Composting Toilets

Remote and Self-Contained Composting Toilets Compared

Top Five Questions about Composting Toilets

What is Humanure and What Can I Do With It?

What Can Be Put In a Composting Toilet?

How Much Do Composting Toilets Cost?

Where Can Composting Toilets be Used?

What is Wrong with a Flush Toilet?

Are Composting Toilets Safe?

What are the Environmental Benefits of Composting Toilets?

What are Composting Toilets?